Mikrobiomo 16S Example Patient Report
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I. Summary
In this first table you can find a summary of the diseases and alterations detected in your microbiota.
Microbiota & Intestinal Alterations | |
---|---|
Diarrhea | Tu microbiota indica que no tienes indicios de Diarrhea. |
Abdominal Tenderness | Tu microbiota indica que sí tienes indicios de padecer Abdominal Tenderness. |
Constipation | Tu microbiota indica que no tienes indicios de Constipation. |
Swelling | Tu microbiota indica que no tienes indicios de Swelling. |
Microbiota & Diseases | |
---|---|
Crohn's Disease | Tu microbiota indica que sí tienes indicios de padecer Crohn's Disease. |
Irritable Bowel Syndrome | Tu microbiota indica que no tienes indicios de Irritable Bowel Syndrome. |
patient_report.inflamatory_bowel_disease | Tu microbiota indica que no tienes indicios de patient_report.inflamatory_bowel_disease. |
Type 2 Diabetes | Tu microbiota indica que sí tienes indicios de padecer Type 2 Diabetes. |
Atherosclerosis | Tu microbiota indica que no tienes indicios de Atherosclerosis. |
Ulcerative Colitis | Tu microbiota indica que no tienes indicios de Ulcerative Colitis. |
Hypertension | Tu microbiota indica que no tienes indicios de Hypertension. |
Obesity | Tu microbiota indica que sí tienes indicios de padecer Obesity. |
Microbiota & Diet | |
---|---|
High consumption of lactose | Tu microbiota indica que no tienes indicios de High consumption of lactose. |
High consumption of artificial sweeteners | Tu microbiota indica que no tienes indicios de High consumption of artificial sweeteners. |
High consumption of starch | Tu microbiota indica que no tienes indicios de High consumption of starch. |
High consumption of fats | Tu microbiota indica que no tienes indicios de High consumption of fats. |
High consumption of animal protein | Tu microbiota indica que sí tienes indicios de padecer High consumption of animal protein. |
Mediterranean Diet | Tu microbiota indica que no tienes indicios de Mediterranean Diet. |
High consumption of unsaturated fats | Tu microbiota indica que no tienes indicios de High consumption of unsaturated fats. |
Gluten Free Diet | Tu microbiota indica que sí tienes indicios de padecer Gluten Free Diet. |
II. Introduction
The human intestinal microbiota is the set of microorganisms that inhabit the intestine. Research on the microbiota carried out in recent years is revealing the great importance that the bacterial communities that inhabit the intestine have in maintaining health.
These populations remain relatively constant over time. However, factors such as diet, diseases, medication use, a bad lifestyle, etc. can cause an alteration in the microbiota.
This test will serve as a marker of your health status, allowing you to detect altered bacterial markers. These altered bacterial markers are bacterial genera that are directly related to different intestinal disorders, diseases or even your diet. Therefore, the correction of these altered bacterial markers, through the recommendations described below, will help you improve the state of your microbiota and your own health.
III. Technical Aspects
The test is based on DNA analysis of microorganisms present in a stool sample. In this way, it is obtained which microorganisms are present in the sample and in what proportion, these values being representative of the microbiota found in the human intestine. Subsequently, they are compared with the data obtained from the healthy population, showing different bacterial markers that, supported by the scientific literature, are related to different intestinal disorders, diseases and eating habits.
IV. Clinical Interpretation
The results of this analysis should be considered in conjunction with the user's clinical history, medical tests, etc. and it must be understood that the bacterial markers shown in this report are of a complex nature, since they depend not only on the state of the microbiota, but also on genetic and environmental factors.
The recommendations described below are of a generic nature to follow a good lifestyle and have good health. Therefore, at no time can they be understood as a treatment. In any problem situation, you should always go to a professional and follow his recommendations.
V. How to interpret my results
patient_report.interpretate_my_results_p1
patient_report.relation | ||
---|---|---|
Diarrhea, constipation, abdominal tenderness, bloating, irritable bowel syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease, Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, obesity, type II diabetes, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, atherosclerosis, hypertension, high intake of lactose, high consumption of artificial sweeteners, high fat consumption, high consumption of animal protein, high consumption of starch, high consumption of saturated fat, high consumption of unsaturated fat, consumption of vegetable protein, Mediterranean diet and gluten-free diet. | Direct Association | A greater abundance of these microorganisms has been associated with conditions in the scientific literature. |
Reverse Association | A lower abundance of these microorganisms has been associated with conditions in the scientific literature. |
For the following bacterial markers:
Result: | |||
---|---|---|---|
Bacterial diversity, Akkermansia, Alistipes, Bacteroides, Anaerotruncus, Barnesiella, Bifidobacterium, Bilophila, Blautia, Collinsella, Coprococcus, Dialister, Eubacterium, Faecalibacterium, Lactobacillus, Methanobrevibacter, Odoribacter, Oscillibacter, Streptococcus, Roseburia and Ruminococcus. | High | The abundance of the bacterial marker in the sample is higher than in the healthy population. | |
normal | The abundance of the bacterial marker in the sample is similar to that of the healthy population. | ||
Low | The abundance of the bacterial marker in the sample is lower than in the healthy population. | ||
Campylobacter, Desulfovibrio, Escherichia-Shigella, Fusobacterium, Klebsiella, Prevotella, Veillonella and Vibrio. | Present | The bacterial marker is detected at levels higher than those present in the healthy population. | |
Absent | The bacterial marker is not detected, or is at levels as low as those in the healthy population. |
Important: The detection of a microorganism by this test does not imply having a disease. Similarly, the non-detection of a microorganism does not exclude the presence of a disease caused by a microorganism. Also, other microorganisms may be present and not be detected by this test. If in any doubt, please consult your doctor.
Results within the reference range obtained from the healthy population. | |
Results outside the reference range obtained from the healthy population. | |
patient_report.cientific_bookmark_explained | [1] |
VI. Results
Microbiota & Intestinal Alterations
Diarrhea | Bookmark | Result | Valuation | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Direct Association | Campylobacter [1, 2] | Absent | ||
Escherichia-Shigella [2, 3] | High | |||
Salmonella [2, 3] | Absent | |||
Reverse Association | Vibrio [4] | Absent | ||
Lactobacillus [5] | normal | |||
Bacteria Diversity [5] | Low | |||
Final Valuation | ||||
De acuerdo a la abundancia relativa de los marcadores del paciente, con aquellos presentes en pacientes de Diarrea, no hay indicios de la presencia de la enfermedad en el paciente. |
Abdominal Tenderness | Bookmark | Result | Valuation | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Direct Association | Methanobrevibacter [10] | High | ||
Prevotella [11] | High | |||
Final Valuation | ||||
De acuerdo a la abundancia relativa de los marcadores del paciente, con aquellos presentes en pacientes de Sensibilidad Abdominal, sí hay indicios de la presencia de la enfermedad en el paciente. |
Constipation | Bookmark | Result | Valuation | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Direct Association | Methanobrevibacter [7, 8] | High | ||
Campylobacter [9] | Absent | |||
Reverse Association | Bifidobacterium [9] | normal | ||
Lactobacillus [9] | normal | |||
Bacteroides [9] | normal | |||
Final Valuation | ||||
De acuerdo a la abundancia relativa de los marcadores del paciente, con aquellos presentes en pacientes de Estreñimiento, no hay indicios de la presencia de la enfermedad en el paciente. |
Swelling | Bookmark | Result | Valuation | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Direct Association | Anaerotruncus [12] | Present | ||
Ruminococcus [12] | Low | |||
Bacteroides [13] | normal | |||
Final Valuation | ||||
De acuerdo a la abundancia relativa de los marcadores del paciente, con aquellos presentes en pacientes de Hinchazón, no hay indicios de la presencia de la enfermedad en el paciente. |
Microbiota & Diseases
Crohn's Disease | Bookmark | Result | Valuation | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Direct Association | Escherichia-Shigella [21] | High | ||
Ruminococcus [22] | Low | |||
Reverse Association | Akkermansia [23] | normal | ||
Faecalibacterium [22, 23] | Absent | |||
Roseburia [22] | normal | |||
Barnesiella [24] | Low | |||
Bifidobacterium [25] | normal | |||
Dialister [25] | Absent | |||
Odoribacter [25] | Low | |||
Bacteria Diversity [26] | Low | |||
Final Valuation | ||||
De acuerdo a la abundancia relativa de los marcadores del paciente, con aquellos presentes en pacientes de Enfermedad de Crohn, sí hay indicios de la presencia de la enfermedad en el paciente. |
Irritable Bowel Syndrome | Bookmark | Result | Valuation | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Direct Association | Campylobacter [14] | Absent | ||
Salmonella [14] | Absent | |||
Escherichia-Shigella [14] | High | |||
Veillonella [15, 16] | Absent | |||
Ruminococcus [15, 16] | Low | |||
Reverse Association | Collinsella [17] | normal | ||
Bifidobacterium [15, 16] | normal | |||
Lactobacillus [15] | normal | |||
Faecalibacterium [15, 16] | Absent | |||
Final Valuation | ||||
De acuerdo a la abundancia relativa de los marcadores del paciente, con aquellos presentes en pacientes de Síndrome de Intestinto Irritable , no hay indicios de la presencia de la enfermedad en el paciente. |
patient_report.inflamatory_bowel_disease | Bookmark | Result | Valuation | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Direct Association | Desulfovibrio [18] | High | ||
Fusobacterium [19] | High | |||
Bacteroides [20] | normal | |||
Reverse Association | Roseburia [20] | normal | ||
Final Valuation | ||||
De acuerdo a la abundancia relativa de los marcadores del paciente, con aquellos presentes en pacientes de Enfermedad Inflamatoria Intestinal, no hay indicios de la presencia de la enfermedad en el paciente. |
Type 2 Diabetes | Bookmark | Result | Valuation | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Direct Association | Akkermansia [36] | normal | ||
Reverse Association | Lactobacilus [37] | normal | ||
Roseburia [36, 38] | normal | |||
Final Valuation | ||||
De acuerdo a la abundancia relativa de los marcadores del paciente, con aquellos presentes en pacientes de Diabetes Tipo II, sí hay indicios de la presencia de la enfermedad en el paciente. |
Atherosclerosis | Bookmark | Result | Valuation | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Direct Association | Collinsella [40] | normal | ||
Reverse Association | Roseburia [40] | normal | ||
Eubacterium [40] | Absent | |||
Final Valuation | ||||
De acuerdo a la abundancia relativa de los marcadores del paciente, con aquellos presentes en pacientes de Ateroscleosis, no hay indicios de la presencia de la enfermedad en el paciente. |
Ulcerative Colitis | Bookmark | Result | Valuation | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Direct Association | Prevotella [27] | Absent | ||
Bacteroides [27] | normal | |||
Ruminococcus [28] | Low | |||
Reverse Association | Akkermansia [23] | normal | ||
Odoribacter [22] | Low | |||
Roseburia [22] | normal | |||
Bacteria Diversity [30] | Low | |||
Final Valuation | ||||
De acuerdo a la abundancia relativa de los marcadores del paciente, con aquellos presentes en pacientes de Colitis Ulcerosa, sí hay indicios de la presencia de la enfermedad en el paciente. |
Hypertension | Bookmark | Result | Valuation | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Direct Association | Klebsiella [41] | normal | ||
Clostridium [41] | High | |||
Prevotella [41] | Absent | |||
Streptococcus [41] | High | |||
Reverse Association | Roseburia [41] | normal | ||
Bifidobacterium [41] | normal | |||
Coprococcus [41] | Absent | |||
Oscillibacter [41] | Absent | |||
Final Valuation | ||||
De acuerdo a la abundancia relativa de los marcadores del paciente, con aquellos presentes en pacientes de Hipertensión, no hay indicios de la presencia de la enfermedad en el paciente. |
Obesity | Bookmark | Result | Valuation | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Reverse Association | Akkermansia [31] | normal | ||
Alistipes [32] | High | |||
Anaerotruncus [33] | Absent | |||
Barnesiella [32] | Low | |||
Lactobacillus [34] | normal | |||
Methanobrevibacter [34] | Absent | |||
Bacteria Diversity [30] | Low | |||
Final Valuation | ||||
De acuerdo a la abundancia relativa de los marcadores del paciente, con aquellos presentes en pacientes de Obesidad, sí hay indicios de la presencia de la enfermedad en el paciente. |
Microbiota & Diet
High consumption of lactose | Bookmark | Result | Valuation | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Direct Association | Bifidobacterium [42] | normal | ||
Lactobacillus [42] | normal | |||
Reverse Association | Bacteroides [42] | normal | ||
Final Valuation | ||||
De acuerdo a la abundancia relativa de los marcadores del paciente, con valores de referencia, no hay indicios de un alto consumo de lactosa. |
High consumption of artificial sweeteners | Bookmark | Result | Valuation | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Direct Association | Bacteroides [42] | normal | ||
Reverse Association | Bifidobacterium [42] | normal | ||
Lactobacillus [42] | normal | |||
Final Valuation | ||||
De acuerdo a la abundancia relativa de los marcadores del paciente, con valores de referencia, no hay indicios de un alto consumo de edulcorantes artificiales. |
High consumption of starch | Bookmark | Result | Valuation | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Direct Association | Lactobacillus [42] | normal | ||
Bifidobacterium [42] | normal | |||
Bifidobacterium [42] | normal | |||
Eubacterium [42] | Absent | |||
Ruminococcus [42] | normal | |||
Final Valuation | ||||
De acuerdo a la abundancia relativa de los marcadores del paciente, con valores de referencia, no hay indicios de un alto consumo de almidón. |
High consumption of fats | Bookmark | Result | Valuation | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Direct Association | Bacteroides [42] | normal | ||
Reverse Association | Lactobacillus [42] | normal | ||
Streptococcus [42] | High | |||
Final Valuation | ||||
De acuerdo a la abundancia relativa de los marcadores del paciente, con valores de referencia, no hay indicios de un alto consumo de grasas. |
High consumption of animal protein | Bookmark | Result | Valuation | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Direct Association | Alistipes [42] | High | ||
Bilophila [42] | High | |||
Reverse Association | Roseburia [42] | normal | ||
Final Valuation | ||||
De acuerdo a la abundancia relativa de los marcadores del paciente, con valores de referencia, no hay indicios de un alto consumo de proteína animal. |
Mediterranean Diet | Bookmark | Result | Valuation | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Direct Association | Bacteroides [42] | normal | ||
Lactobacillus [42] | normal | |||
Prevotella [42] | Absent | |||
Eubacterium [42] | Absent | |||
Roseburia [42] | normal | |||
Final Valuation | ||||
De acuerdo a la abundancia relativa de los marcadores del paciente, con valores de referencia, no hay indicios de un alto consumo de dieta mediterránea. |
High consumption of unsaturated fats | Bookmark | Result | Valuation | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Direct Association | Bifidobacterium [42] | normal | ||
Akkermansia [42] | normal | |||
Streptococcus [42] | High | |||
Lactobacillus [42] | normal | |||
Final Valuation | ||||
De acuerdo a la abundancia relativa de los marcadores del paciente, con valores de referencia, no hay indicios de un alto consumo de grasas insaturadas. |
Gluten Free Diet | Bookmark | Result | Valuation | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Reverse Association | Bifidobacterium [42] | normal | ||
Lactobacillus [42] | normal | |||
Prevotella [42] | normal | |||
Eubacterium [42] | Absent | |||
Roseburia [42] | normal | |||
Final Valuation | ||||
De acuerdo a la abundancia relativa de los marcadores del paciente, con valores de referencia, sí hay indicios de consumo de gluten. |
VII. Sequencing
These results were obtained by sequencing the bacterial DNA obtained from the patient's feces, specifically from the 16S V3-V4 ribosomal gene region, using an Illumina system. Its subsequent taxonomic classification was carried out with the SILVA database, through which the genera present in the sample can be identified.
VIII. References
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